journal of sustainable studies joss
Dr. Ass. prof. Khalil Kadhim Jassim AL-Esawi
Iraqi University – College of Arts, Department of Geography
Abstrac:
The study of lakes is of great importance in modern applied studies because of its prominent role in the environments in which they are located, as it affects and is affected in them and among the most important influenced by climate elements, especially the fluctuation of rainfall amounts that vary the area of these lakes with an increase or decrease where there is a direct relationship between them as The area of the lakes increases with higher amounts of rain and shrinks in the low amounts of rain, which proves that the application of some modern indicators such as the hydraulic indicator and the standard rain indicator spi on the stations of the climate study area, in 1993 the area of the lakes reached (1857) km 2 to prevail over very severe humidity indicators in all stations of the region The study where the highest height was in the spring season, which reached (2.50) the value of spi in the Ramadi station and (2.40) the value of spi in the Karbala station, both from the category of very high humidity in the same year and decreased to (829) km 2 in 2009 and then decreased to (636) How many years in 2017 due to drought indicators are still controlling the stations of the climate study area in most seasons.
This was reflected in the numbers of fish, which are also related to the area of the lakes, as their quantities decreased, the area of those lakes decreased, lake Razzazah whose numbers in 1993 reached (81303) fish which decreased to (34599) fish in 2009 and then continued to decrease to (22572) fish due to the decrease in the area of these lakes.
key words: Climate elements, hydraulic index, standard rain index SPI, water cover