journal of sustainable studies joss
- Ali Jawad Kazem Al-Maliki
Iraq – University of Dhi Qar – University Presidency
Abstract:
Egypt is one of the Arab countries with ancient civilizations، and with a long history that extends to thousands of years BC. This was indicated by the history in Egypt of agriculture، industry، scholars، thinkers، statesmen and literature، and that the intellectual heritage of ancient Egyptian culture provides us with the appropriate basis for the development of thought and culture new in Egypt. Egypt may be a great progress in this regard، and has preceded other Arab regions and environments that have been affected by it so that they are Shishi، especially since the Muhammad Ali Pasha project in this field has spread to various military and civil fields، to gain it with more competencies and specialties، and most historians agree However، credit for all this belongs to Muhammad Ali Pasha، who is the first eastern ruler to think about this and implement it seriously، effectively and energetically، at a solid level and in the Arabic language that he did not find useful، but he strengthened its literatures and sciences through his great cultural and Arab project.In addition to the great role that Rifaat Al-Tahtawi pioneered the renewal of Egyptian Arab thought in the nineteenth century، by presenting new ideas that sought assets in Islamic culture، taking branches and branches from Western thought، as well as the political intellectual role of Sheikh Mohamed Abdo، as his ideas carried a sense Nationally، through his participation in the Egyptian national movement، which resulted in the revolution of Ahmed Orabi، he emphasized national principles، patriotism، and the resistance of the British. Therefore، he was able to influence a wide range of Egyptian intellectuals، writers and thinkers.Key words: Egypt – Intellectual life – the Ottoman Empire – Scholars – Thinkers .
9- الحياة الفكرية في الوطن العربي خلال السيطرة العثمانية ( مصر أنموذجاً )