journal of sustainable studies joss
A comparative environmental study of the characteristics of the marshes of southern Iraq (Basra and Dhi Qar) in light of the determinants of drinking and other uses
Assistant Professor Dr.Abbas Zghir Muhaisin Al-Maryan
Dhi Qar University / College of Arts / Department of Geography
Abstract:
The environmental characteristics of the water of the marshes in southern Iraq (Basra and Dhi Qar) and their suitability for different uses were studied. It was found that the increase in the percentage of (pH) after drying to (8,2) in the marshes of Basra and (7,4) and the change of the amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) in The marshes, which caused environmental impacts that led to a change in the quality of water and aquatic organisms, migrated a large number of bird species, and the marshes environment became repellent to the population after the water quality changed to be unfit for human use. The total dissolved salts (TDS) after drying increased to (6465 mg / Liters) in the marshes of Basra and (4,649 mg / l) in the marshes of Dhi Qar. This is due to the decrease in the water revenues of the marshes, since it is scientifically proven that the percentage of dissolved salts (T.D.S) is inversely proportional to the water drainage, that is, the more the water drainage increases, the less the dissolved salts percentage (T.D.S) and vice versa.
The concentrations of nitrate (No3-2) for phosphate (PO4) in the marsh water samples increased after drying, compared to their percentage before drying. The reason for the change was due to the lack of water revenues and low water levels in the marshes due to climate change, and the properties of magnesium (Mg) changed before drying in the marsh waters. Basra Governorate (190 mg / liter) to become (235 mg / liter), while it was in the marshes of Dhi Qar Governorate (132 mg / liter), it increased to (212 mg / liter), which greatly affected the quality of the water and contributed to being unfit for most Uses. The water of the marshes is considered unfit for human use. While the water samples in the marshes of Basra and Dhi Qar did not exceed before drying, they were below the standard limits .
The data indicate that the concentrations of total dissolved salts (TDS) are identical to that of livestock, but they have an effect on poultry in a period before draining the marshes, while they are identical after drying for the purposes of cattle, milk and meat only, and not identical to drinking water for poultry in the waters of the marshes of Basra Governorate, while the marshes of Dhi Tar was identical before drying and identical to livestock, and it has effects on poultry, especially turkeys, after drying.
It was found that the percentage of total dissolved salts (Ec) in the water of the marshes of Basra Governorate, after drying, is identical to all types of livestock with some cases of diarrhea for livestock. Cases of diarrhea for livestock animals in the marshes of Dhi Qar before draining the marshes. As for the phase of draining the marshes, they are identical to livestock and have effects on poultry, especially turkey chickens.
Key words: (Comparative ecology, Marshlands characteristics, southern Iraq, determinants of drinking).