journal of sustainable studies joss
The reality of primary education in Iraq, 1958-1978
Rahim Hassan Muhammad Al-Shami
Dhi Qar University, College of Basic Education, Department of Special Education
Abstract:
Primary education is the basic foundation upon which education is based in general, and it plays a major role in preparing human capital because it develops the capabilities of individuals and equips them with knowledge and skills ,the values and trends that enable them to face the difficulties of life and daily requirements, raise their level of production, increase their income and improve their health level, and therefore education leads to a reduction in unemployment, poverty, ignorance and backwardness.
Therefore, primary education in Iraq witnessed during the period of research fundamental developments and changes that made it march towards qualitative and quantitative development, and that period of time was not without many obstacles, most of which were not caused by the underdevelopment of Iraqi society, but the political and economic events had their clear impact in this field.
Successive governments have endeavored during the period of the research to pay attention to the teacher as the main axis in the educational process and for this reason great efforts have been made in developing The educational institutions that prepare and train them and qualify them to carry out their educational and educational tasks and devoted large funds to the establishment of a large number of teacher training institutes and teacher institutes in Baghdad and some governorates to receive the growing number of students annually in those educational institutions.
The laws, regulations and decisions issued by the Ministry of Education had a clear impact on improving and developing the reality of primary education, especially the decision to provide free education in 1974 and the compulsory education law in 1976As the number of pupils, educational cadres and school buildings multiplied, the government also paid attention to male and female teachers by raising the standard of living, giving them professional allocations, increasing lecture fees and providing housing for them in villages and rural areas.